Gusmania

2024 Tus sau: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 13:40

Guzmania (lat. Guzmania) - tsev neeg nyiam; genus ntawm cov ntoo ntsuab ntawm tsev neeg Bromeliad. Tam sim no, muaj txog 130 hom tsiaj. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntuj, gusmania loj hlob ntawm cov roob qhib thiab hauv hav zoov ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Is Nrias teb, Sab Qab Teb Florida, Central America, Brazil thiab Venezuela. Lub genus tau txais nws lub npe nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Spanish tus neeg taug kev thiab botanist Anastasio Guzman, uas tau piav qhia txog tsob ntoo no rov qab rau xyoo 1802.

Hom sib xws thiab lawv tus yam ntxwv

* Gusmania Donnell-Smith (lat. Guzmania donnell-smithii)-cov tsiaj yog sawv cev los ntawm cov nroj tsuag epiphytic txog 50-60 cm siab, tsim cov nplaim zoo li tus nplaig thiab taw tes rau saum rosette, npog nrog cov xim daj ntseg. Nplooj yog tiled, nruj nreem npog sab qis ntawm inflorescence thiab tsa peduncle. Lub paj paj yog luv, ntom, pyramidal-paniculate, nrog lub cev liab qab, mus txog li 10 cm nyob rau hauv qhov ntev. Cov nplooj qis yog oval dav, khoov me ntsis, nrog lub ntse ntse thiab appressed teev, ci liab xim. Spikelets yog ob lossis peb-paj, txog li 1 cm ntev, nyob ntawm cov pedicels tuab. Cov paj ntoo yog cov tawv-filmy, sib npaug, ntev 7-10 cm, feem ntau tsis zoo. Sepals yog luv-tubular, asymmetric, obtuse, nqaim, veined, tej zaum yuav liab qab lossis npog nrog cov nplai dawb. Cov nplaim paj yog oval, tsaus dua, fused. Donnell-Smith Gusmania blooms nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis-Tsib Hlis. Nws tshwm sim ib txwm muaj nyob hauv hav zoov hav zoov ntawm Costa Rica thiab Panama.

* Gusmania ntshav-liab (lat. Guzmania sanguinea)-cov tsiaj yog sawv cev los ntawm cov nroj tsuag epiphytic, cov nplooj uas tsim ua lub ntsej muag zoo li rosette txog li 30 cm siab. Cov nplooj yog tag nrho, dav-tawm, nrog rau sab saum toj. Lub peduncle tsis tsim. Inflorescence yog corymbose, raus rau hauv lub qhov (socket), muaj 7-12 paj nyob ntawm lub pedicels. Cov pob tw yog nyias, sepals yog obtuse, elliptical hauv cov duab, fused ntawm lub hauv paus, 1, 7 cm ntev. Cov nplaim paj yog dav oval, 7, 5 cm ntev, fused rau hauv lub raj nqaim, pub dawb rau sab saud. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, lawv pom nyob hauv hav zoov thiab ntawm roob toj roob hauv pes ntawm Costa Rica, Colombia, Tobago thiab Ecuador.

* Mosaic Gusmania (Latin Guzmania musaica) - hom tsiaj yog sawv cev los ntawm cov nroj tsuag epiphytic, cov nplooj uas tsim ua paj tawg paj. Nplooj yog tiled, o, lingual lossis dav elliptical, tag nrho, nrog cov lus qhia ntse. Ncaj peduncle. Inflorescence yog qhov yooj yim, suav nrog 12-25 paj. Cov paj ntoo yog dav, ci liab hauv xim, obovate lossis zoo li lub kaus mom hlau, tawv, taw qhia, nruj nreem npog lub hauv paus ntawm paj. Paj yog sessile, ntau. Sepals yog obtuse, me ntsis elongated. Flowering tshwm sim nyob rau lub Xya Hli-Lub Yim Hli. Nyob rau hauv qhov, mosaic gusmania pom nyob hauv hav zoov thiab ntawm qhov chaw nqes hav ntawm Guatemala, Ecuador, Colombia, thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj Brazil.

Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev raug kaw

Gusmania yog tsob ntoo uas nyiam lub teeb, nyiam windowsills sab hnub poob, ntxoov ntxoo los ntawm tshav ntuj ncaj qha. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev khaws cia hauv lub caij ntuj no yog 20C, thaum lub caij ntuj sov - txog 28C. Cov nroj tsuag muaj tus yam ntxwv zoo rau huab cua nyob hauv siab. Lub substrate rau kev cog qoob loo yuav tsum muaj peat, charcoal, xuab zeb thiab av nplaum av (1: 1: 0, 5: 0, 5) lossis sib xyaw ntawm sphagnum thiab crushed fern keeb kwm (1: 3). Nws tuaj yeem siv qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo coniferous, peat siab, charcoal thiab sphagnum. Yuav tsum tau gusmania thiab cov dej ntws zoo.

Luam thiab cog

Gusmania tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov noob, txheej thiab faib. Cov kws paub dhau los cog lus pom zoo kom nthuav tawm kab lis kev cai los ntawm kev tua uas tsim nyob ib puag ncig lub paj niam cog. Cov tua tau sib cais thaum lawv tsim lawv tus kheej cov hauv paus hniav thiab hloov mus rau hauv ib lub thawv cais. Gusmania tau hloov pauv rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lossis lub caij ntuj sov, txhua txhua 2-3 xyoos, tab sis cov hauv paus tau hloov kho txhua xyoo. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los siv cov cog cog qis lossis cov lauj kaub rau kev hloov pauv.

Saib xyuas

Gusmania yog kab lis kev cai xav tau dej kom zoo thiab txau nrog dej sov thiab daws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsim cov tua thiab nplooj tshiab. Lub hauv paus system ntawm gusmania tsis muaj zog heev, nws tsis cuam tshuam zoo rau cov dej ntws, nws feem ntau rots. Kev ywg dej yog nqa ncaj qha rau hauv lub qhov hluav taws xob, sau nws nrog dej los ntawm 2.5 cm.

Gusmania xav tau kev pub mis tsis tu ncua (tsawg kawg ib zaug txhua peb lub lis piam); cov kua ua kua thoob ntiaj teb zoo rau lub hom phiaj no. Thaum lub sijhawm tawg paj, qhov nyiaj ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws tau nce ntxiv. Zoo li txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg Bromeliad, gusmania tawg paj ib zaug. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev tawg paj, niam cog cog ob peb nplooj tom ntej thiab tuag tawm.