2024 Tus sau: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 13:40
Yoshta (Latin Ribes nigrum * Ribes divaricatum * Ribes uva-crispa) - kev sib xyaw ntawm gooseberries ntau, kis gooseberries thiab dub currants. Cov nroj tsuag tau tsim los ntawm German yug tsiaj Rudolf Bauer hauv xyoo 1970s.
Hais txog hybrid
Joshta yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm cov kws tsim tsiaj ntawm ntau tiam neeg uas tau ua haujlwm hla hla gooseberries thiab dub currants. Cov neeg yug tsiaj tau ntsib nrog txoj haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho dub currants, tshwj xeeb, nce qhov loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov qoob loo feem ntau, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv rau terry, kab mob hauv lub raum thiab lwm yam kab tsuag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim tshem cov pos uas muaj nyob hauv gooseberries. Thawj tus kws tshawb fawb los kawm txoj kev xav ntawm kev hla ntau hom kev cog qoob loo yog I. V. Michurin.
Hmoov tsis zoo, thawj qhov kev sim hla currants thiab gooseberries tsis tau ua tiav: cov menyuam yug menyuam tsis muaj menyuam lossis tsis siv tau. Tsuas yog xyoo 1970 tau ua Max Planck Institute cov kws tshawb fawb tswj kom yug thawj cov txiv ntoo sib xyaw, thiab xyoo 1989 yoshta tau qhia rau hauv kab lis kev cai. Hauv tebchaws Russia, yoshta tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1980s, tab sis tau nthuav dav dav txij li xyoo 1986. Txog rau hnub tim, ntau qhov sib xyaw zoo sib xws tau yug los, uas muaj ntau yam sib xws nrog yoshta thiab sib txawv hauv cov duab ntawm hav txwv yeem, qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lawv cov yam ntxwv saj, nrog rau cov qoob loo thiab cov khoom tiv taus txias.
Cov yam ntxwv sib xyaw
Yoshta yog tsob ntoo cuav, muaj hnub nyoog ntev, nthuav tawm, tsob ntoo muaj zog txog 2.5 m siab. Qhov nruab nrab, ib tsob ntoo muaj 13-20 ceg ntoo ntawm cov hnub nyoog sib txawv. Cov hauv paus hauv paus muaj zog, feem ntau ntawm cov hauv paus nyob ntawm qhov tob ntawm 30-40 cm. Cov nplooj yog ntsuab, loj, nrog ci, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab, zoo ib yam li gooseberry nplooj. Cov paj yog nruab nrab qhov loj, ntsuab-daj.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog xim dub nrog cov xim daj, sib npaug, sau ua pawg ntawm 3-5 daim, nyob ntawm cov ceg ntev. Qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog 2-5 g, saj yog qab zib thiab qaub nrog nutmeg tom qab saj. Yoshta berries ripen nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub yim hli ntuj. Cov nroj tsuag tiv taus kab thiab kab mob, nrog rau khov heev. Lub neej nruab nrab ntawm tsob ntoo yog 20-30 xyoo. Kev sau qoob zoo ntawm cov txiv ntoo tuaj yeem tau txais 3-4 xyoos tom qab cog. Yoshta yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws raws li tsob ntoo zoo nkauj, feem ntau siv los tsim cov laj kab thiab txwv.
Loj hlob tej yam kev mob
Yoshta yog tsob ntoo ntxim nyiam, nws txhim kho tsis zoo ntawm thaj chaw ntxoov ntxoo, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau tsim me me dhau, thiab lawv cov lej tau qis dua txhua xyoo. Cov av yog qhov xav tau xoob, muaj dej noo nruab nrab, nrog cov nplua nuj ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws tsis pom zoo kom cog qoob loo hauv thaj chaw uas muaj dej tshwm sim nyob ze. Yoshta yuav tsis lees txais cov av nplaum hnyav, kua qaub, cov av xau, nrog rau cov chaw tsis tiv thaiv los ntawm cua daj cua dub
Luam thiab cog
Kev coj noj coj ua yog nthuav tawm los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, lignified cuttings thiab grafting ntawm kub currants. Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau cog yoshta yog nruab nrab lub caij nplooj zeeg, nyob rau thaj tsam sab qaum teb - lig lub Yim Hli - thaum lub Cuaj Hli. Ua ntej qhov pib ntawm kev khov khov, cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav tsum muaj sijhawm rau paus, txwv tsis pub lub caij ntuj no lawv yuav khov thiab tuag, tsis txhob muaj kev zoo siab nrog kev tos ntev ntev ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov av tsaws tau npaj hauv ob peb lub lis piam. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum yog 1.5 m, nrog cov qauv tsim - 0.8-1 m.
Yog tias cog ntawm yoshta tau ncua rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, cov yub thiab lwm yam khoom cog cog tau cog ntxov, tab sis qhov no lub qhov taub tau npaj rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Kev nthuav tawm ntawm yoshta nrog lignified cuttings yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Kev txiav yog txiav thaum lub caij ntuj sov, lawv qhov ntev yuav tsum yog li 13-15 cm. Kev txiav sab saud yog ua los ntawm lub raum, thiab qis dua - hauv qab nws. Ua ntej cog, kev txiav yog kho nrog kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob. Kev txiav yog cog rau hauv cov av mos, xoob, muaj av zoo. Tseem ceeb: thaum cog, lub paj sab saud yuav tsum nyob 1.5 cm siab dua saum av.
Saib xyuas
Kev saib xyuas Yoshta yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab raug rau txawm tias tsis muaj kev paub ua vaj. Cov nroj tsuag xav tau kev ywg dej kom zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij qhuav qhuav ntev, nrog rau cov nroj tsuag, xoob ntawm thaj tsam ze-qia thiab hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus. Tus nqi noj txhua xyoo: humus - 8 kg ib Bush, superphosphate - 50 g, potassium sulfate - 40 g. Hauv thawj peb xyoos, yoshta xav tau kev tshem tawm kom huv, yav tom ntej - tseem tsim tau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm cov ceg qub uas tsis yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas tom qab ntawd yuav hloov los ntawm kev loj hlob tshiab.
